Kmine Injection
Ketamine
50mg
National Healthcare Pvt. Ltd.
| Pack size | 10ml/20ml |
|---|---|
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Indications
Kmine Injection is used for:
Induction of anesthesia.
Adult Dose
Intravenous
Induction of anaesthesia
Adult: 1-4.5 mg/kg via slow IV inj over 60 sec. A dose of 2 mg/kg produces surgical anaesthesia w/in 30 sec after inj lasting for 5-10 min.
Increments of half to the full induction dose may be repeated as needed for maintenance of anesth. Alternatively, a total induction dose of 0.5-2 mg/kg via infusion, given at an appropriate rate, and maintained at a rate of 10-45 mcg/kg/min, adjusted according to response.
Intramuscular
Induction of anaesthesia
Adult: 6.5-13 mg/kg. A dose of 10 mg/kg produces surgical anaesthesia w/in 3-4 min after inj lasting for 12-25 min.
Increments of half to the full induction dose may be repeated as needed for maintenance of anesth. For diagnostic or other procedures not involving intense pain: 4 mg/kg as initial dose.
Child Dose
Renal Dose
Administration
Reconstitution: 50 mg/mL and 100 mg/mL vials may be further diluted in 5% dextrose or 0.9% NaCl to prepare a maintenance infusion containing 1 mg/mL (or 2 mg/mL in patients w/ fluid restrictions).
Contra Indications
Hypertension, history of cerebrovascular accident. Eye injury, raised ocular and intracranial pressure. Psychotic disorders.
Precautions
Minimise verbal and tactile stimulation during recovery period. Chronic alcoholic and alcohol-intoxicated patients. Preanaesthetic elevated CSF pressure. Dependence and tolerance may develop. May impair ability to drive or operate machinery. Monitor cardiac function in patients with hypertension or cardiac decompensation. Pregnancy and lactation.
Pregnancy-Lactation
Interactions
Prolonged recovery time w/ barbiturates or narcotics. May potentiate neuromuscular blocking effects of atracurium and tubocurarine including resp depression w/ apnoea. May increase risk of bradycardia, hypotension or decreased cardiac output w/ halogenated anaesth. May potentiate CNS depression and risk of resp depression w/ CNS depressants (e.g. phenothiazines, sedating H1-blockers, skeletal muscle relaxants). May antagonise hypnotic effect of thiopental. May increase risk of HTN w/ thyroid hormones. May increase risk of hypotension w/ antihypertensive agents. Reduction in seizure threshold resulting in unpredictable extensor-type seizures when given concurrently w/ theophylline.
Adverse Effects
Side effects of Ketamine :
>10%
Emergence rxns (Emergence reactions e.g. vivid dreams, hallucinations, confusion, irrational behaviour)
HTN,Increased cardiac output,Increased ICP,Tachycardia,Tonic-clonic movements,Visual hallucinations,Vivid dreams
1-10%
Bradycardia,Diplopia,Hypotension,Increased IOP,Injection-site pain,Nystagmus
<1%
Anaphylaxis,Cardiac arrhythmia,Depressed cough reflex,Fasciculations,Hypersalivation,Increased IOP,Increased metabolic rate,Hypertonia,Laryngospasm,Respiratory depression or apnea with large doses or rapid infusions
Mechanism of Action
Ketamine is a noncompetitive N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor antagonist that blocks glutamate. It has a direct action on the cortex and limbic system. It produces a cataleptic-like state wherein the patient is withdrawn from the surrounding environment.
Note
Kmine 50mg Injection manufactured by National Healthcare Pvt. Ltd.. Its generic name is Ketamine. Kmine is availble in Nepal.
Farmaco Nepal drug index information on Kmine Injection is not intended for diagnosis, medical advice or treatment; neither intended to be a substitute for the exercise of professional judgment.