Nitrosol Nasal Spray
Glyceryl Trinitrate (nitroglycerine)
Beximco Pharmaceuticals Ltd.
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| Retail Price | 550.00 NPR |
Indications
Nitrosol Nasal Spray is used for:
Angina pectoris, Acute myocardial infarction, Severe hypertension, Pulmonary edema.
Adult Dose
Oral
Stable angina
Adult: As SR tab/cap: 2.6-6.4 mg 3-4 times daily, adjust according to response. Max: 26 mg 4 times daily.
Sublingual Tablet
Angina Pectoris (Acute Relief)
0.5 mg SL q5min up to 3 times; use at first sign of angina
Angina Pectoris (Prophylaxis)
1 tablet SL 5-10 minutes before activities likely to provoke angina attacks
Sublingual Spray
Angina
1-2 spray(s) PRN for angina, may repeat q3-5min, not to exceed 3 sprays in 15 minutes
Spray onto or under tongue; do not inhale, expectorate or rinse mouth for 5-10 minutes
Seek medical attention if pain persists after 3 doses in 15 minutes
Angina, Prophylaxis
1-2 sprays 5-10 minutes before activities likely to cause angina
Intravenous
Acute myocardial infarction
Adult: 10-100 mcg/min, w/ the dose initially at the lower rate, then increase gradually according to response.
Induction of hypotension or control of hypertension during surgery
Adult: Initially, 5-25 mcg/min, adjust according to response.
Usual range: 10-200 mcg/min; doses up to 400 mcg/min may be required in some cases.
Child Dose
Renal Dose
Renal Failure
CrCl: 10-50 mL/min: Administer q24-72hr
CrCl: <10 mL/min: Administer q72-96hr
Administration
Contra Indications
Hypersensitivity. Severe hypotension, heart failure, marked anaemia, hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy, cerebral haemorrhage or head trauma, low cardiac output secondary to hypovolaemia, inferior MI with right ventricular involvement, raised intracranial pressure. Concomitant use with phosphodiesterase type-5 inhibitors.
Precautions
Severe hepatic or renal impairment, hypothyroidism, malnutrition, hypothermia. Cerebrovascular disease, lung disease or cor pulmonale. Pregnancy, lactation, glaucoma, mitral valve prolapse, cardiac tamponade, syncope. Gradual withdrawal in patients who have received prolonged high dose infusions. Avoid prolonged excessive hypotension. Nitrate-free interval is recommended in patients on continuous treatment with nitrates to reduce risk of tolerance.
Lactation: not known whether the drug crosses into breast milk, use caution
Pregnancy-Lactation
Interactions
Enhances bioavailability of dihydroergotamine. Glyceryl trinitrate infusion may prolong pancuronium-induced neuromuscular blockade. May reduce the efficacy of heparin, alteplase and noradrenaline when used together. Efficacy of buccal and sublingual preparations may be reduced by drugs that can cause dry mouth due to decreased dissolution. Aspirin and other NSAIDs may reduce the therapeutic response to glyceryl trinitrate.
Potentially Fatal: Orthostatic hypotension may be produced by combined use of calcium channel blockers, antihypertensives, phenothiazines and TCAs. Alcohol may cause severe hypotension and collapse.
Adverse Effects
Side effects of Glyceryl Trinitrate (nitroglycerine) :
Common
Headache,Hypotension,Tachycardia,Dizziness,Lightheadedness,Blurred vision,Flushing,N/V,Nervousness,Xerostomia
Serious
Methemoglobinemia (rare),Syncope,Prolonged bleeding time,Exfoliative dermatitis,Unstable angina,Rebound hypertension,Thrombocytopenia
Sublingual Tabs/Spray: Dry mouth, localised burning sensation. Buccal tablets: Delayed dissolution, may be swallowed by mistake.
Potentially Fatal: Hypotension, paradoxical bradycardia, impaired respiration, syncope and collapse.
Mechanism of Action
Glyceryl trinitrate acts on the enzyme nitric oxide stimulating guanylate cyclase in the vascular smooth muscle cells resulting in the relaxation of smooth muscles. It reduces venous return (preload) and facilitates subendocardial blood flow with redistribution into ischaemic areas. It relieves coronary vasospasm and dilates arterioles reducing afterload. It is useful for relief and prevention of anginal attacks.
Note
Nitrosol Nasal Spray manufactured by Beximco Pharmaceuticals Ltd.. Its generic name is Glyceryl Trinitrate (nitroglycerine). Nitrosol is availble in Nepal.
Farmaco Nepal drug index information on Nitrosol Nasal Spray is not intended for diagnosis, medical advice or treatment; neither intended to be a substitute for the exercise of professional judgment.