Demeclocycline Hydrochloride
Indications
Demeclocycline Hydrochloride is used for:
Atypical pneumonia, Hyponatraemia
Adult Dose
Oral
Susceptible infections
Adult: 600 mg daily in 2 or 4 divided doses.
Atypical pneumonia
Adult: 900 mg daily in 3 divided doses for 6 days.
Chronic hyponatraemia associated with syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion (SIADH)
Adult: Initially, 900-1,200 mg daily in divided doses. Maintenance: 600-900 mg daily in divided doses.
Hepatic impairment: Max: 1 g daily.
Child Dose
Child: Not recommended for childn <12 yr.
Renal Dose
Administration
Should be taken on an empty stomach. Take w/ a full glass of water on an empty stomach at least 1 hr before or 2 hr after meals.
Contra Indications
Hypersensitivity. Pregnancy and lactation.
Precautions
Children <12 yr; SLE; renal or hepatic disease.
Lactation: enters breast milk/not recommended by manufacturer
Pregnancy-Lactation
Interactions
Reduced absorption w/ antacids containing Al, Mg, or Ca, Fe-containing preparations, zinc, kaolin, quinapril, strontium ranelate, sucralfate, tripotassium dicitratobismuthate. May reduce the efficacy of oral contraceptives and penicillins. Increased risk of benign intracranial HTN w/ retinoids (e.g. acitretin, isotretinoin, tretinoin). Increased risk of ergotism w/ ergotamine and methysergide. May inactivate oral typhoid vaccine. May potentiate the effect of anticoagulants.
Potentially Fatal: Concurrent use w/ methoxyflurane may result to fatal renal toxicity.
Adverse Effects
Side effects of Demeclocycline Hydrochloride :
Photosensitivity. Reversible nephrogenic diabetes insipidus. Permanent staining of teeth; nausea; rash; GI upsets; dysphagia; enterocolitis; anogenital inflammation (moniliasis). Hypersensitivity; haemolytic anaemia, thrombocytopenia, neutropenia and eosinophilia; raised blood urea and liver enzymes.
Potentially Fatal: Anaphylaxis (rare).
Mechanism of Action
Demeclocycline inhibits protein synthesis by binding w/ the 30S and possibly the 50S ribosomal subunits of susceptible bacteria. It may also cause alterations in the cytoplasmic membrane. It inhibits the action of antidiuretic hormone (ADH) in patients w/ chronic syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion (SIADH).