Ampicillin + Cloxacillin

Indications

Ampicillin + Cloxacillin is used for: Susceptible infections

Adult Dose

Oral Susceptible infections Adult: Per capsule contains ampicillin 250 mg and cloxacillin 250 mg: 1 capsule 4 times daily. In severe infections, the dose can be increased up to 12 capsules daily.

Child Dose

Oral Susceptible infections Child: Per 5ml contains ampicillin 125 mg and cloxacillin 125 mg: 1 tsf 4 times daily.

Renal Dose

Administration

Contra Indications

Penicillin allergy.

Precautions

Allergy to cephalosporins, infectious mononucleosis, neonates with jaundice, history of convulsions, lactation.

Pregnancy-Lactation

Interactions

Failure of oral contraceptives, increased rash with allopurinol, reduced bactericidal activity with chloramphenicol, erythromycin and tetracyclines.

Adverse Effects

Side effects of Ampicillin + Cloxacillin : G.I.disturbances, pruritus, urticaria, erythema, exfoliative dermatitis, rashes, fever, joint pain, eosinophilia, bronchial asthma, angioneuratic oedema, hemolytic anaemia, serum sickness, CNS effects like hyperactivity, agitation, insomnia, anxiety, behavioural changes, confusion, dizziness and convulsions. Potentially Fatal: Anaphylactic reaction.

Mechanism of Action

Ampicillin exerts bactericidal action on both gm+ve and gm-ve organisms. Its spectrum includes gm+ve organisms eg, S pneumoniae and other Streptococci, L monocytogenes and gm-ve bacteria eg, M catarrhalis, N gonorrhoea, N meningitidis, E coli, P mirabilis, Salmonella, Shigella, and H influenzae. Ampicillin exerts its action by inhibiting the synthesis of bacterial cell wall. Cloxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant penicillin. It is active against gm+ve organisms including penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococci. Cloxacillin is highly active against Staph aureus, Strep pyogenes, Strep viridans and Strep pneumoniae. It is also active against penicillinase-producing gonococci and against N meningitidis and H influenzae. Other gm-ve organisms are resistant to cloxacillin as are also methicillin-resistant strains of Staphylococci.